The Different Types of AC Power Connectors in North America
Number: WP -20 V2Type: PDFSize: 253 KBA confusing array of AC power plugs and receptacles exist to deliver power to various electronic loads. This white paper describes the different types of...
View ArticleDCOI Compliance: A Guide to Improving PUE in U.S. Federal Data Centers
Number: WP -250 V2Type: PDFSize: 1072 KBThe U.S. government's Data Center Consolidation Initiative (DCOI) requires all Federal agencies and departments to achieve and maintain a PUE of =1.5 for...
View ArticleExplanation of Cooling and Air Conditioning Terminology for IT Professionals
Number: WP -11 V3Type: PDFSize: 384 KBAs power densities continue to increase in today's data centers, heat removal is becoming a greater concern for the IT professional. Unfortunately, air...
View ArticleHigh Efficiency Indirect Air Economizer-based Cooling for Data Centers
Number: WP -136 V2Type: PDFSize: 1017 KBOf the various economizer (free cooling) modes for data centers, using fresh air is often viewed as the most energy efficient approach. However, this paper shows...
View ArticleImplementing Energy Efficient Data Centers
Number: WP -114 V1Type: PDFSize: 481 KBElectricity usage costs have become an increasing fraction of the total cost of ownership (TCO) for data centers. It is possible to dramatically reduce the...
View ArticleBattery Technology for Data Centers and Network Rooms: Site Planning
Number: WP -33 V5Type: PDFSize: 204 KBThe choice of UPS battery technology directly impacts site requirements and the costs for protecting information technology and network environments. This paper...
View ArticleCreating Order from Chaos in Data Centers and Server Rooms
Number: WP -119 V1Type: PDFSize: 1505 KBData center professionals can rid themselves of messy racks, sub-standard under floor air distribution, and cable sprawl with a minimum of heartache and expense....
View ArticleEconomizer Modes of Data Center Cooling Systems
Number: WP -132 V0Type: PDFSize: 729 KBIn certain climates, some cooling systems can save over 70% in annual cooling energy costs by operating in economizer mode, corresponding to over 15% reduction in...
View ArticleGuidance for Calculation of Efficiency (PUE) in Data Centers
Number: WP -158 V3Type: PDFSize: 297 KBBefore data center infrastructure efficiency can be benchmarked using PUE or other metrics, there must be agreement on exactly what power consumptions constitute...
View ArticleAvoiding Costs From Oversizing Data Center and Network Room Infrastructure
Number: WP -37 V7Type: PDFSize: 593 KBThe physical and power infrastructure of data centers and network rooms is typically oversized by more than 100%. Statistics related to oversizing are presented....
View ArticleCooling Strategies for Ultra-High Density Racks and Blade Servers
Number: WP -46 V7Type: PDFSize: 761 KBRack power of 10 kW per rack or more can result from the deployment of high-density information technology equipment such as blade servers. This creates difficult...
View ArticleThe different types of UPS systems
Number: WP -1 V9Type: PDFSize: 963 KBThere is much confusion in the marketplace about the different types of static uninterruptable power supplies (UPSs) and their characteristics. The IEC 62040-3 UPS...
View ArticlePower and Cooling for VoIP and IP Telephony Applications
Number: WP -69 V1Type: PDFSize: 905 KBVoice Over IP (VoIP) deployments can cause unexpected or unplanned power and cooling requirements in wiring closets and wiring rooms. Most wiring closets do not...
View ArticleEssential Standby Generator System Requirements for Next Generation Data Centers
Number: WP -90 V1Type: PDFSize: 357 KBEffective standby generator system installations must address the known problems and challenges relating to current and past designs. This paper presents a...
View ArticleEnergy Savings Performance Contracts for Federal Data Center Consolidation
Number: WP -176 V1Type: PDFSize: 239 KBThe cost of operating and maintaining federal agency data centers is extremely high. Mandates and initiatives have been put in place to address these costs...
View ArticleReliability Models for Electric Power Systems
Number: WP -23 V1Type: PDFSize: 156 KBThis white paper explains the sources of downtime in electric power systems and provides an explanation for site-to-site variations in power availability. The...
View ArticleHigh-Efficiency AC Power Distribution for Green Data Centers
Number: WP -128 V2Type: PDFSize: 529 KBThe use of 240 volt power distribution for data centers saves floor space, simplifies power cabling, saves capital cost, reduces weight, and increases electrical...
View ArticleEnergy Impact of Increased Server Inlet Temperature
Number: WP -138 V1Type: PDFSize: 485 KBThe quest for efficiency improvement raises questions regarding the optimal air temperature for data centers. The ASHRAE TC-9.9 committee has recently adopted an...
View ArticleEnergy Efficient Cooling for Data Centers: A Close-Coupled Row Solution
Number: WP -137 V1Type: PDFSize: 1866 KBThe trend of increasing heat densities in data centers has held consistent with advances in computing technology for many years. As power density increased, it...
View ArticleData Center Physical Infrastructure: Optimizing Business Value
Number: WP -117 V1Type: PDFSize: 876 KBTo stay competitive in today's rapidly changing business world, companies must update the way they view the value of their investment in data center physical...
View ArticleAccounting and Tax Benefits of Modular, Portable Data Center Infrastructure
Number: WP -115 V1Type: PDFSize: 290 KBWell-informed accounting treatment of data center physical infrastructure (DCPI) assets provides significant opportunities to contribute to improving the...
View ArticleComparing Data Center Batteries, Flywheels, and Ultracapacitors
Number: WP -65 V2Type: PDFSize: 792 KBMost data center professionals choose lead-acid batteries as their preferred method of energy storage. However, alternatives to lead-acid batteries are attracting...
View ArticleTen Errors to Avoid When Commissioning a Data Center
Number: WP -149 V1Type: PDFSize: 182 KBData center commissioning can deliver an unbiased evaluation of whether a newly constructed data center will be an operational success or a failure. Proper...
View ArticleBattery Technology for Data Centers and Network Rooms: Lifecycle Costs
Number: WP -35 V4Type: PDFSize: 217 KBThe lifecycle cost of different UPS battery technologies is compared. The costs associated with the purchase of batteries, the infrastructure costs, and the costs...
View ArticleVirtualization and Cloud Computing: Optimized Power, Cooling, and Management...
Number: WP -118 V5Type: PDFSize: 1608 KBIT virtualization, the engine behind cloud computing, can have significant consequences on the data center physical infrastructure (DCPI). Higher power densities...
View ArticleA Quantitative Comparison of High Efficiency AC vs. DC Power Distribution for...
Number: WP -127 V4Type: PDFSize: 745 KBThis paper presents a detailed quantitative efficiency comparison between the most efficient DC and AC power distribution methods, including an analysis of the...
View ArticleA Practical Guide to Disaster Avoidance in Mission-Critical Facilities
Number: WP -5 V0Type: PDFSize: 140 KBA disaster preparedness plan is crucial to organizations operating in 24/7/365 environments. With zero disruption the goal, management must carefully evaluate and...
View ArticleHow Overhead Cabling Saves Energy in Data Centers
Number: WP -159 V0Type: PDFSize: 800 KBPlacing data center power and data cables in overhead cable trays instead of under raised floors can result in an energy savings of 24%. Raised floors filled with...
View ArticleDeploying High-Density Pods in a Low-Density Data Center
Number: WP -134 V2Type: PDFSize: 3633 KBSimple and rapid deployment of self-contained, high-density pods within an existing or new low-density data center is possible with today's power and cooling...
View ArticleElectrical Efficiency Modeling for Data Centers
Number: WP -113 V2Type: PDFSize: 1064 KBConventional models for estimating electrical efficiency of data centers are grossly inaccurate for real-world installations. Estimates of electrical losses are...
View ArticleReview of Four Studies Comparing Efficiency of AC and DC Distribution for...
Number: WP -151 V0Type: PDFSize: 369 KBDC is proposed for use in data centers as an alternative to AC distribution primarily based on publicized claims of efficiency improvements and energy savings....
View ArticlePreparing the Physical Infrastructure of Receiving Data Centers for...
Number: WP -175 V1Type: PDFSize: 887 KBThe consolidation of one or more data centers into an existing data center is a common occurrence. This paper gives examples of what is becoming a standard...
View ArticleAllocating data center energy costs and carbon to IT users
Number: WP -161 V1Type: PDFSize: 1177 KBAre complicated software and instrumentation needed to measure and allocate energy costs and carbon to IT users Or can we get by with simple, low cost methods...
View ArticleStrategies for Deploying Blade Servers in Existing Data Centers
Number: WP -125 V2Type: PDFSize: 1195 KBWhen blade servers are densely packed, they can exceed the power and cooling capacities of almost all traditional data centers. This paper explains how to...
View ArticleBattery Technology for Data Centers and Network Rooms: U.S. Fire Safety Codes...
Number: WP -31 V8Type: PDFSize: 135 KBFire safety regulations and their application to UPS battery installations are reviewed. In some cases, fire codes do not clearly recognize improvements in battery...
View ArticleReducing the Hidden Costs Associated with Upgrades of Data Center Power Capacity
Number: WP -73 V1Type: PDFSize: 302 KBScaling the power capacity of legacy UPS systems leads to hidden costs that may outweigh the very benefit that scalability intends to provide. A scalable UPS...
View ArticleDynamic Power Variations in Data Centers and Network Rooms
Number: WP -43 V3Type: PDFSize: 156 KBThe power requirement required by data centers and network rooms varies on a minute by minute basis depending on the computational load. This magnitude of this...
View ArticleEfficiency and Other Benefits of 208 Volt Over 120 Volt Input for IT Equipment
Number: WP -27 V3Type: PDFSize: 173 KBDecisions made regarding the distribution of 208V or 120V power to IT equipment can significantly impact overall efficiency of the data center. This paper explores...
View ArticleRack Powering Options for High Density
Number: WP -29 V8Type: PDFSize: 1151 KBThis white paper explains and compares alternatives for providing electrical power to high density racks in data centers and network rooms. It addresses the...
View ArticleRack Powering Options for High Density in 230 V AC Countries
Number: WP -28 V2Type: PDFSize: 1146 KBThis white paper explains and compares alternatives for providing electrical power to high density racks in data centers and network rooms. It addresses the...
View ArticleNeutral Wire Facts and Mythology
Number: WP -21 V1Type: PDFSize: 323 KBThis Technical Note discusses many common misunderstandings about the function of the neutral wire and its relation to power problems. The subjects of dedicated...
View ArticleFundamental Principles of Generators for Information Technology
Number: WP -93 V1Type: PDFSize: 557 KBEvery Information Technology professional who is responsible for the operation of computing equipment needs to ensure their data center or network room is prepared...
View ArticleData Center Projects: Growth Model
Number: WP -143 V1Type: PDFSize: 1692 KBLong term data center or network room capacity planning may seem impossible in the face of evolving IT technology and business requirements. Nevertheless, data...
View ArticleComparing UPS System Design Configurations
Number: WP -75 V4Type: PDFSize: 473 KBThere are five principle UPS system design configurations that distribute power from the utility source of a building to the critical loads of a data center. The...
View ArticleConsiderations for Owning versus Outsourcing Data Center Physical Infrastructure
Number: WP -171 V1Type: PDFSize: 498 KBWhen faced with the decision of upgrading an existing data center, building new, or leasing space in a retail colocation data center, there are both quantitative...
View ArticleMaking Large UPS Systems More Efficient
Number: WP -108 V3Type: PDFSize: 502 KBAs energy resources become scarcer and more expensive, electrical efficiency is becoming a more important performance factor in the specification and selection of...
View ArticlePreventive Maintenance Strategy for Data Centers
Number: WP -124 V1Type: PDFSize: 843 KBIn the broadening data center cost-saving and energy efficiency discussion, data center physical infrastructure preventive maintenance (PM) is sometimes neglected...
View ArticleData Center VRLA Battery End-of-Life Recycling Procedures
Number: WP -36 V1Type: PDFSize: 727 KBContrary to popular belief, the recycling of lead-acid batteries, which are the most common batteries found in data centers, is one of the most successful...
View ArticleAvoiding Common Pitfalls of Evaluating and Implementing DCIM Solutions
Number: WP -170 V0Type: PDFSize: 398 KBWhile many who invest in Data Center Infrastructure Management (DCIM) software benefit greatly, some do not. Research has revealed a number of pitfalls that end...
View ArticlePower and Cooling Capacity Management for Data Centers
Number: WP -150 V3Type: PDFSize: 2014 KBHigh density IT equipment stresses the power density capability of modern data centers. Installation and unmanaged proliferation of this equipment can lead to...
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